目前学术界有一种观点认为，在六十年代初的中国电影发展中存在一个“隐抑的电影新浪潮”，代表影片包括《舞台姐妹》、《早春二月》、《农奴》、《小兵张嘎》、《林家铺子》等。在政治意识形态的主导下，苏联和欧美的电影潮流对“十七年”电影的创作施加着程度不一的影响，李俊导演的反映西藏农奴遭受惨无人道的压迫以农奴制改革的电影《农奴》就是受社会主义现实主义与欧美国家电影影响的一部经典之作。

1． 政治意识形态的叙事结构

“十七年”电影是指从新中国成立到1966年文化大革命前夕中国大陆拍摄的一众影片。囿于特殊的时代背景与国际环境，这一时期中国对苏联、好莱坞和欧洲的一些电影潮流的态度是各异的。这一时期中国电影无疑受苏联影响最深。拍摄人民大众喜闻乐见的，具有“人民美学”的电影是这一时期中苏电影人的共识。其实这种倾向在上世纪30年代的左翼电影运动和国防电影运动中就可以窥见。受历史和现实的影响，电影《农奴》在叙事上具有鲜明的意识形态色彩。

影片以农奴强巴和铁匠之女兰尕反抗农奴制压迫为主线，在单一时间线中穿插若干倒叙段落，将主要人物的生平遭遇一一道来，通过三次摔下农奴主朗杰推动故事叙事。一摔朗杰是强巴遭到管家和少爷羞辱和毒打，逼迫强巴当马骑的时候，此时的沉默是强巴的反抗，在下一个长镜头里，强巴咬破了自己的舌头。第二次摔朗杰是强巴赤脚背着朗杰在满是鹅卵石和砺石的河滩上行走，最终因体力不支倒下的时候。在这一段落，白白胖胖的少爷和黑瘦虚弱的强巴形成鲜明对比，镜头从水流与砺石、强巴的赤脚和蹒跚的步态以及少爷朗杰之间反复切换。在这里叙事时间的延长让观众感到河滩更加漫长，与强巴脚部特写相穿插，极大增强了影片的感染力。强巴倒下后醒来后见到了兰尕口中的“金珠玛米”（汉译：菩萨兵）。遭遇了无数非人遭遇的强巴被护士们悉心救治，还有了一双新鞋，当强巴被扶上马时，他的第一反应是下跪，当然这里更多的应该是感激的成分，但是我们还可以看出农奴制对强巴的影响是深入骨子里的。非人的待遇与平等的身份相对比，如果说第一次强巴摔朗杰是反抗意识的星星之火，那么这次则成了燎原之势。但是这还不够，强巴在此时还不敢和农奴主真正的对抗。第三次摔朗杰，是在背朗杰逃跑的过程中，这次同第一次一样是刻意为之，两人滚下山坡并扭打着，朗杰中枪之后，强巴像踢死鱼一样把他踢下山坡，至此强巴实现了精神和肉体的双重自由。

《农奴》是新中国成立后第一次在藏族取景的影片，也是第一部完全由藏族演员出演的电影。电影于1964年上映，这时距离1959年西藏民主改革仅仅过去了五年时间，所以这部电影的影像本身就具有十足的史料价值。影片融记录性和故事性于一体，电影在藏地取景，高耸入云的喜马拉雅山、湍急的雅鲁藏布江和庄严的喇嘛庙，力求还原现实的风土人情给予影片很强的现实感。另外，影片中所选用的演员皆为经历过农奴时代的人，尤其是少年强巴，他的身世本身就与影片中主人公的身世极为相似，父母双亲皆被农奴主迫害致死，自己也饱受压迫。其自身相似的遭遇使得他的表演毫无痕迹更加真实。影片的真实性还体现在影片的服化道方面，电影中农奴褴褛的衣衫是电影剧组在藏地用新衣服找昔日农奴换的，所以我们在观影时很难感到违和，这些细节也使得整个故事更加真实自然。

《农奴》在叙事上受到了政治意识形态的影响，在解放军的感召下，以强巴为代表的万千农奴鼓起了反抗农奴主的勇气。从刚开始强巴母亲去农奴主家还债到强巴奶奶含辛茹苦抚养强巴长大再到强巴所见证的那段吃人的历史，一家人的遭遇影射的是整个被压迫的社会。叙事视点的转移为电影的高潮不断蓄势。影片最后翻身农奴把歌唱是符合大众喜爱的“人民美学”的，强巴解放后第一句说出的“毛主席”也印证了这一点。

2． 《农奴》视听语言分析

导演李俊在这部影片中镜头语言运用的相当成熟，恰当的视听语言推进了故事叙事也增强了影片的感染力。《农奴》采用黑白胶片摄影，明暗对比强烈的光线处理是影片的一大特色。黑白的色调具有浓厚的历史厚重感，也正好呼应了平叛以前西藏广大人民暗无天日的悲惨生活。影片中的强巴和铁匠肌肤黝黑甚至具有金属的光泽，恰到好处的光线处理使整部片子具有了版画一般的质感，影片前半段的基调一直都是阴郁压抑的，而解放军出现后则换成了一种明快的影调，摄影在这里很好的配合了《农奴》的叙事节奏。

李俊还很强调电影化的叙事手法，蒙太奇运用十分合适娴熟。影片开头，小强巴父亲被农奴主打死，农奴主喊道：“叫他的女人把三代欠下的债，连同收尸税一起送来，要不就让她把鞭子送回来”农奴主把鞭子狠狠摔在地上，同时给了鞭子一个特写，当镜头拉开时，鞭子已经放在了强巴家的地上。小强巴咬破舌头后，他的脸上叠印了波光粼粼的雅鲁藏布江江水，江水流过，代表着时间的流逝，江水之中又叠印出了成年强巴棱角分明的脸。时光如流水，两次叠印使得苦难的生活多了一些诗意和悲悯。还有上文中提到的强巴第二次背朗杰的镜头切换。影片里一个感人至深的镜头，小强巴饥饿难耐偷吃寺庙贡品被僧人惩罚后，强巴的奶奶去寺院替小强巴赎罪并祈求护身符，老人在回来的路上颤颤巍巍，踩着小河的石头过河时不幸摔倒，甚至连剧烈的挣扎都不曾有就趴倒在了浅浅的小河里，镜头一转转向了奶奶手里攥着的泡在水里的护身符。电影中饰演奶奶的演员当时只有20几岁，通过化妆化成了古稀老人的模样。拾雀卓玛把老年人的体态动作还原的十分到位，演员的演技无可指摘。经历了一辈子压迫最后却在浅水中死去，这种悲剧性无疑也得力于视听语言的加持。

影片中许多视听细节也都具有明显的象征意味。其一是强巴的师傅坐在大佛手心的镜头，这里的特技摄影使用的非常成功，在巨大的掌心里人显得很渺小，大佛的侧脸与拿着摇曳灯光的两人形成鲜明对比。灯光集中在金色的掌心上，四周则是无尽的黑暗，这似乎是讲“苦海无边”，一层指向宗教教义，一层暗指农奴生活。

3． “十七年”电影与外来影响

【详细】

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《正义的慈悲》并没有将布莱恩·史蒂文森塑造成一位英雄人物，不仅花许多篇幅布丽·拉尔森等职员的协助，犯人家属、几位狱友，或者能证明强尼D没有犯罪与当初受到检警威胁而作出伪证的证人也是电影非常重要的一环。因此比起精彩刺激的法庭辩驳，《正义的慈悲》更聚焦在布莱恩不断来回奔波的过程，或许这让整部片节奏变得缓慢停滞，但也正是如此，才更突显司法官司的冗长繁复，对不论正反方都是一段痛苦的折磨。

翻别人包可以不？可以；跟踪别人可以不？可以；私下里给喜欢的人的爱人打电话可以不？可以。

这就是小地方的人跟来自大都市的人的不同之处。大城市的人注重隐私，不关心别人，但是又渴求被爱，一旦抓住了一个人就死活不想放开。小地方的人又对别人过分关注，毫无隐私可言，让你万分恼火的同时却不知道什么时候开始与他们越缠越深。

男主角对他们所有人都不感兴趣，可是所有人都对他很感兴趣。他从小没人站在他一边，也没有被老娘抓在身边挽留住，却被这些海边居民设下圈套抓住了，在三天内高效率地塞给他一个未成年小男友和一个偷渡来的男演员，还有一个女演员备选。

他没有需要这些人的理由，可是这些人个个有需要他的理由。这个风景优美的海边小城生活枯燥乏味，几乎人人都想逃离，但是有些人却舍不得离开，想要慢慢改变这里。所以这种“与众不同”的影片被介绍来放映。观众的观影需求也是各有各的不同。父亲是好奇才来看的，看看一向古怪的儿子到底被啥洗脑了，或者是来验证自己一直对儿子的怀疑。老奶奶们兴致高昂地来看美好年轻的帅哥肉体的，奥，里面还有一个老爷爷。

虽然片子幽默，海边风景优美，人们有点蠢萌可爱。但这里容不下爱和梦想，枯燥憋闷。为了离开，有人抛弃了同居多年的女友，有人等来了自己的“真爱”“知音”跟着他一起走，尽管未成年，但是他身居高位的老爹还是把儿子塞给了这个曾经也是逃离于此的“外来人”。海边的人生活悠闲富裕，但是却精神缺乏。偷渡的人离开是为了糊口，活下去。

男主角貌似是游离于剧情之外的。他是敢于追求的。从小幻想一个给自己爱的男友，最终还是破灭了。但是他没有想到自己的到来就如同在僵尸群里滴落了一滴鲜血，把这些躁动的心给唤醒了。结果他还是担当起了把爱传递下去的角色，满足了那个像极了小时候的自己的巨人男孩的渴望，并把他带走了。男主也该成长了，虽然早早离开家，但是却一直没能摆脱幻想，摆脱对别人情感的依赖坚强起来。缺少父爱的他，小时候靠幻想，长大了渴望得到已婚男友的关爱。可以想见，他第一次逃离的时候应该是孤独的，这次倒像是救世主一样带着两个男人走了。

最后片尾那个电影还是一样的烂。不过，做着自己喜欢的事总比在舒服安逸的地方按耐着那颗躁动的心无聊度日要强。

期待这部电影很久了。制作团队筹备这部电影达十年之久，反复推敲，非常努力。虽然我的期望值已经很高，但是观影之中还是有不少惊喜。音乐做的特别好，很震撼，画面也比tv版的要美很多。美冒的情节并不复杂，一目了然，但是看的出来在寓意方面很用心，只要仔细想想就会发现其实并不简单。很喜欢这种举重若轻的风格。感觉团队在制作上面投入了很多精力和资金，所以宣发没有到位。但我相信好作品是不会被埋没的。国漫加油!美冒加油↖(^ω^)↗

【详细】

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Feel Good is a low budget 6-episode TV show which mysteriously skipped my attention when it was first brought up by a friend: probably because it features no big star (Lisa is one, but in a small role), and British TV shows like Fleabag and Killing Eve have raised the bar very high now.

However, one night, I started to watch the first episode and was very impressed. The not so sub plot of addiction is so well-written. I really like it when Mae (its main character shares the same name with the writer and lead actor, which is a bit confusing) expands the definition of ‘addiction’: ‘it’s all the same feelings, craving, and withdrawl, and relief, and obsession. We are just swapping one addiction for another’. By doing that, Mae Martin (I will use the full name when referring to the creator) connects the love story and Mae’s struggle to stay clean together. Mae Martin challenges the audience to view addiction as not only a struggle among a group of people, but something many of us face when being in a toxic relationship with partners, or, say, social media. By then, I am convinced Feel Good is quite good because the creators know ‘nuances’. Its focus on addiction also reminds me of Killing Eve S2, the key word for its 2nd season is ‘obsession’. While both handle compulsive/toxic feelings between people/people and object, Killing Eve’s take on obsession is disappointing, Feel Good, on the other hand, only gets better episode by episode.

Story aside, I am mesmerized by how the show introduces the love story to the audience. It is fast-paced. As Guardian remarks, ‘Feel Good moves so quickly and lightly that it seems impossible it could also be managing to construct characters and burrow into psyches as deeply and empathically as it does.’ You never need to fast-forward; it’s densely-packed but you won’t feel stressful; the plots mingle effortlessly. It takes 30 seconds for Mae and George to fall in love with each other. I love how unconventional and unapologetic it is. I love how an LGBTQIA (bless Joyce) story focus on how the two lovers enjoy their relationship (at least for the most part) without giving too much attention to how they are unsure if the other is into them, or suffering from loneliness because they can’t find a partner. Of course the loneliness issue exists and there is suffering, but there are many representations of those already. Feel Good shows how the relationship can be the start, rather than the ending, of a story.

I also like how the struggles of Mae and George are more about themselves making choices than them being in disagreement with a suffocating society. It is refreshing to see not only Mae’s parents, but George’s mother, support their sexuality. Mae’s gig pals don’t make a fuss about her having a girlfriend. The roommate Phil is an angel. The lead of the support group is a gay man; Lava is loved by her mother regardless of her sexuality. While Binky’s husband and his friends are ‘piece of shit’, I don’t see them as homophobic (I could be wrong though). The show demonstrates that everyone can and should be nice to LGBT+ community. I like how Feel Good doesn’t use societal approval as a trope; instead, it allows us to see Mae and George as individuals who make their own decisions. Yes, sexuality is and will be important in their lives, but they don’t let it to devour them, they can still breathe.

The relationship is beautifully written and wonderfully performed. I mean THE CHEMISTRY!! Yes there is sex. As Mae Martin said, she didn’t want the lesbian sex to be voyeuristic. I congratulate her in doing a fantastic job!! Feel Good has amazing sex scenes: they are romantic, witty, hilarious, and honest. The director and writers make sure the sex scenes are not about sex/lust only, they are also about female pleasure. Mae and George communicate and share their sexual preferences; they don’t force their fetish on the other, instead, they ask politely. The show doesn’t mystify lesbian sex: even lesbians can’t cum and that’s ok! Feel Good has achieved what Sex Education has done: it has educated people (older than high schoolers) how to have sex, and more importantly, how to discern when the relationship is going south.

There are nudity scenes and they are (quite literally) serving the plot: it is when Mae feels most vulnerable physically. The paradox of the physicality and the personality is, however, not restricted to gay people. Mae is struggling because she believes however hard she tries, she can never have George in the long haul because George is ‘culturally straight’. George, however, insists this idea is just in Mae’s head. (Or is it?) It becomes apparent that the couple is not on the same page on many things. Mae is shy but she wants public validation of their relationship: she wants to be blessed by George’s family and friends. George is popular (win the lottery) but she is ultra private when it comes to Mae. She points out her friends just want to crack a joke and emotions (mind, not sexuality), for them, is gross. Eventually, George will have to face her own real emotions. There is a moment where Mae questions why George never like/retweet her social media stuffs. As Fleabag says ‘Hair is everything’, the (non)usage of social media, I argue, is (almost) everything. This again shows the discrepancy between the couple – which, of course, is normal; in every relationship/friendship, such disagreements happen and that’s what makes this show so relatable.

It is interesting to note that the dynamic between the two flows all the time. I find myself on the side of Mae and then I am on George’s side! For example, the first episode shows Mae concealing her addiction history from George, which is a bit dishonest; but George also makes Mae think she’s already mentioned her to her friends while actually she’s dating some Crenshaw dude. I find it especially interesting that while George is portrayed as a cold person (she leaves Mae alone in a party; she’s rather cold towards Phil etc etc), Mae can also be quite aloof – check what she does to Lava. When she says let’s not share this with Maggie, it is as if George were saying let’s not tell my friends now.

Talking about George and her friends, I really like how the show does about their friendship. It shows that those friendships, even though ‘long haul’, are not necessarily genuine. Indeed, things can be tricky, if not scary, when friends finally choose to be honest with each other, right?

Binky’s husband and friends are hilarious characters, but the show makes sure not all the male characters are caricatured. I like Phil a lot; he’s giving me the neighbor who ended up marrying Hannah’s boyfriend’s sister in Girls, especially when he’s mentioning all the baby stuffs. Mae’s dad is a charming character; but I am not sure if he’s a good dad. His ‘Oh I need to check the garden’ is a specimen of dad type, who leaves all the dirty job of communicating with kids to mums. The show also inserts in a MeToo story plot where things turn sour quickly. In all, the portrayals of male characters are multifaceted. Well done.

Last but not the least: small roles. Does the show even have small roles? Because everyone shines. Even the shop assistant of that sex shop: the scene is so funny and captivating. Lisa Kudrow is funny but in a cold way – which is really nice. I am not crazy about her first appearance in the laptop; seeing her appear in Blackpool is a real surprise for me (and Mae). I love the scene in Ghost Train the most. Arguing in a horror house/moving train, with all the noise and terrifying man-makes while discussing ‘real emotions’, which is the most terrifying of all – what a genius idea!! The fact that the show keeps vague about why Mae is cast out of the family is an interesting one; I quite like how her mother points out her privilege and that she has everything she wants when she grows up. Again, the show is looking at the mysterious and intricate human mind that is not so easily explainable. Apart from that, I don’t think there are a lot of TV shows that discuss ‘privilege’. Kudos to the writers for highlighting this aspect.

The photography is really pretty. It, like TEOTFW, has a consistent tone, which is even reflected when Mae and George are in bed. Note the beautiful blue shadow. The music is nice. The costume looks comfy and lovely (never let the costume steal the show– I’m talking to you, Killing Eve). My favorite, as I said earlier is the pace of narration. Mae has run a lot and it is a signature of Feel Good, like Fleabag’s looking at the camera.

Feel Good is about a female stand-up comedian. In the States, there is The Marvelous Mrs Maisel. Both Mae and Midge suffer from a backfire from they using real-life stories with their partner (judging from S1 finale, haven’t watched S2 yet). It is interesting to think how personal the stand-up mateials can be, but having just watched Hannah Gadsby’s Nanette, I am reminding myself that in order to make things funny, the ‘truth’ can be compromised. While Nanette is almost metafictional when Hannah approaches/disconstructs what makes comedy, I don’t think that is the angle Feel Good is heading towards. However, it is still fit to think about the show amongst the powerful works by Mae Martin’s fellow female comedians. The freshness of the show also reminds me of Girls (with its minute depictions of modern female life) and Fleabag (with its candidacy about real emotions). Feel Good deserves more recognition and PLEASE CAN WE HAVE SEASON 2 THANK YOU NETFLIX!!

今天我看了一部综艺《这就是灌篮》，看了十几分钟，我就有一肚子话想说。

首先登场的是我们的绝对主角——海飞丝，紧跟其后的是四位小有名气的男嘉宾，他们分别是郭德纲、冯巩、王宝强和赵本山...不好意思我记错了，是周杰伦、林书豪、李易峰和郭艾伦。

紧接着登场的是160位气势汹汹的兄贵，满口我最强、我最持久、我最快什么的，场面一度失控。

主持人一上来就四位嘉宾抛了一个难题：你们喜欢什么样的球员？

前哈佛大学篮球队队员林书豪说：要技巧！

动感地带—我的地盘我做主、爱玛电动车形象代言人周杰伦说：要花俏！

前成都列五中学篮球队队员李易峰说：要热情！

热门日本动漫《进击的巨人》男主角郭艾伦说：要善良！

比赛开始了，一个人高马大的兄贵首先冲向赛场，抢到了球。事后采访他的时候他说：「我也不想怎样，就是想吓唬吓唬他们...」接着全场一片沉默，大家都窃窃私语，说他很强，他的强他们是领♂会过的...

我就看到这里，剩下的回家再看。

刚才收到了一个回复，才知道我的剧评也是有读者的！回忆了一下第一场比赛，也可以说是比较精彩的一场。

一位外号「打铁」的年轻小伙接过话筒，前来挑战周锐，他说：「很荣幸能够来到这个赛场上...」李易峰突然冒出来一句：「你印堂发黑啊...你中气不足啊...你没有自信啊...」不愧是老炮儿的儿子，懂一些算命，早早地给打铁定下了结局。

开始了，周锐哐的一声就进了，我也不知道发生了什么，打铁急了，投了个三分，平时我们打篮球都说，三分放投，反正你也投不进，我看他也是一副投不进的样子，但周锐狠狠地打了他的手，给打铁送了三个罚球。

就像三井寿连进三个罚球后手感爆发一样，打铁他突然不打铁了，冲上来就给了周锐一个后仰，进了，我怀疑是p进去的，是电脑合成的、是加了特技的。

中国民间有云，南周锐北吴悠，吴悠，全名王吴悠，自称街球王吴悠，大家对他贬多于褒，努力是值得肯定的，抱摔是值得否定的，相比之下，周锐闲得稳扎稳打多了，对他的实力也没有很多争议。

最后，周锐赢了。